The relationship between power and authority is complex and multifaceted. Power is the ability to influence or control the behavior of other people or objects. Authority, on the other hand, is the legitimate right to exercise power. In other words, authority is accepted power – the power that the people of society have agreed to grant an individual or institution. As such, authority is necessary in order for power to be exercised.
Sociologists are in agreement that authority is a form of power, but they believe that it is a weaker form. In contrast to the direct power to influence and control, authority involves more indirect influence. It largely relies on the agreement of the people it governs to adhere to its commands, rather than to force their compliance. For instance, government officials rely on the people to obey the law, rather than to physically enforce it.
The relationship between power and authority can also be seen in everyday life. For example, parents have the power to command their children, but they also rely on their authority to ensure that their children obey them. In a similar vein, employers often employ both power and authority when dealing with their employees, such as when they provide guidance and direction.
Ultimately, authority is a necessary part of any power structure, as it provides legitimacy and acceptance for that power. While power can be used to influence and control behavior, authority is required to ensure that the power is respected and accepted. Without authority, power is rendered ineffective.