Rank The Pathogens From Least Predictive To Most Predictive For CCD.
By Sarah Roberts
CCD (colony collapse disorder) is a phenomenon that has been observed in honeybee colonies since 2006. It is a serious concern for beekeepers and the agricultural industry, as it results in the sudden loss of adult bees from their hives, leaving behind only young bees and food stores. As such, it is important to identify and understand the pathogens associated with CCD in order to prevent or mitigate its effects.
In this article, we’ll look at the relative predictive power of some of the pathogen groups associated with CCD. For each pathogen group, we’ll rank them from least predictive to most predictive.
Viruses
- IAPV (Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus): Least predictive for CCD.
- KUsPV (Kashmir bee Virus): Moderately predictive for CCD.
- DWV (Deformed Wing Virus): Most predictive for CCD.
Fungi
- Nosema ceranae: Least predictive for CCD.
- Ascosphaera apis: Moderately predictive for CCD.
- Paenibacillus larvae: Most predictive for CCD.
Bacteria
- Suttonella species: Least predictive for CCD.
- Melissococcus plutonius: Moderately predictive for CCD.
- Aureococcus anophagefferens: Most predictive for CCD.
These pathogens are often found together in the same hive, and the combination of pathogen presence can help to predict the severity of colony collapse disorder. Additionally, there are other factors such as pesticide use or inadequate bee nutrition that can increase the risk of CCD. Therefore, it is important to take all of these factors into consideration when attempting to predict CCD.
As you can see, understanding the relative predictive power of each pathogen group helps to identify the most likely cause(s) of colony collapse disorder. If you need help understanding the relative predictive power of each pathogen group, open the hints provided.