The U.S. federal government has taken steps to encourage universities and research institutions to adopt policies that promote the responsible conduct of research (RCR). Research institutions must have formalized policies related to RCR in place when applying for most federal grants.

In 2011, the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Office of the President issued a memorandum to the heads of all federal departments and agencies that recommended adoption of RCR policies at universities and research institutions. The memo stated that universities should implement policies that promote responsible and ethical conduct in research, such as providing education and training to students and staff in RCR areas.

In 2014, the Office of Science and Technology Policy issued a follow-up memo that clarified and strengthened the 2011 memo. The 2014 memo stated that universities should develop and implement policies and procedures that are consistent with the core values of research integrity, including honesty, objectivity, accountability, and openness. The memo also suggested that universities implement additional elements aimed at promoting ethical behavior in the conduct of research, such as providing an appeal process for students and faculty to raise concerns about ethical misconduct.

In 2018, the National Science Foundation (NSF) added a new requirement to its Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide. This requirement required institutions applying for NSF funding to certify that they have policies and procedures in place that promote RCR instruction and training for appropriate personnel. The new policy provides a better way to ensure that universities and research institutions are promoting best practices in RCR.

So to answer the question, the most accurate description of U.S. federal policy related to RCR instruction is that the federal government has issued guidelines for universities and research institutions to adopt formalized policies that promote the responsible conduct of research. These policies must include elements that promote research integrity, ethical behavior, and educational and training opportunities in the responsible conduct of research.