Linear polymers are molecules that are connected together in a long chain of repeating structural units. The repeating structure is the same throughout the length of the polymer, resulting in the linear chain. These polymers are usually formed by the process of polymerization, a type of chemical reaction in which molecules combine to form larger molecules. This article will discuss which of the following substances may form linear polymers.

1. Monomers

Monomers are small molecules that can be linked together to form polymers. Common monomers include ethylene (the monomer for polyethylene), styrene (the monomer for polystyrene) and vinyl chloride (the monomer for PVC). Monomers are usually a single type of atom or a small group of atoms, such as carbon and hydrogen or nitrogen and oxygen. During the process of polymerization, monomers can join together to form larger molecules, known as polymers. This process is usually catalyzed by an acid or a base, as well as temperature and pressure.

2. Polymerization Reactions

Polymerization reactions are the process of linking monomers together to form larger molecules. This type of reaction is commonly used in the production of plastics, such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. During the reaction, monomers are joined together in a specific order, resulting in a linear polymer. The bonds that hold the polymer together can be strong covalent bonds or weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds.

3. Cross-Linking Reactions

Cross-linking reactions also involve the joining of monomers together to form a polymer. However, the difference between this type of reaction and polymerization reactions is that the resulting molecule is not a linear polymer. Cross-linking reactions involve the formation of branches in the polymer chain, resulting in a branched or cross-linked polymer. Cross-linking is often used to increase the strength and durability of a polymer.

Conclusion

In conclusion, linear polymers are typically formed by the process of polymerization, where monomers are joined together to form larger molecules. Cross-linking reactions can also be used to form polymers, although the resulting molecules are not linear. Both of these types of reactions involve the joining of monomers together to form larger molecules, and are essential for the production of many plastics and other materials.