The two distinct phases in the evolution of a city are urbanization and development. Urbanization refers to the gradual process of population growth in cities and conurbations, and the associated physical growth in built-up areas. Development is the process of transformation of land and resources in a city, such as infrastructure, zoning, and construction.

Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the increase in population concentration in urban areas, and the associated physical growth in built-up areas. Urbanization can be either a natural or a forced process, depending on the context in which it occurs. In some cities, urbanization is a natural occurrence due to the advantages such as employment and entertainment opportunities. In other places, urbanization is driven by forces such as war, poverty, environmental change, and natural disasters.

Development

Development is the process of transformation of land and resources in a city. Development is a broad term that encompasses infrastructure, zoning, and construction. Infrastructure refers to all elements of physical infrastructure, such as roads, highways, bridges, and power and water systems. Zoning is a process of dividing a city into areas according to use, such as residential, commercial, industrial, or other uses. Construction is the process of creating physical structures such as houses, buildings, towers, and other structures.

Urbanization and development are two distinct phases in the evolution of a city. Urbanization is a process of population growth in urban areas and the associated physical growth in built-up areas. Development is the process of transformation of land and resources in a city, such as infrastructure, zoning, and construction. Together, these processes are responsible for the gradual transformation of cities and the development of urban structures.